Introduction
In this lesson, let’s learn the operational principle of 4N35 chip. We analyze the principle in this way: using 4N35 chip to drive a LED, and then explaining the phenomenon of LED and the internal structure of the chip.
Newly AddedComponents
Principle
4N35
4N35 is a general-purpose optocoupler. It consists of gallium arsenide infrared LED and a silicon NPN phototransistor. What an optocoupler does is to break the connection between signal source and signal receiver, so as to stop electrical interference. 4N35 can be used in AV conversion audio circuits that is widely used in electrical isolation of a general optocoupler.
See the internal structure of the 4N35 above. Pin 1 and 2 are connected to an infrared LED. When the LED is electrified, it’ll emit infrared rays. To protect the LED from burning, usually a resistor (about 1K) is connected to pin 1. Then the NPN phototransistor is power on when receiving the rays, and then it can control the load connected to the phototransistor. Even when the load short circuit occurs, it won’t affect the control board, thus realizing good electrical isolation.
Schematic Diagram
In this experiment, use an LED as the load connected to the NPN phototransistor. In program, a LOW level is given to Pin 11, then the infrared LED will emit infrared rays. After that, the phototransistor receives infrared rays and gets electrified, and the LED cathode is LOW, thus turning on the LED.
Build the Circuit
Note: pay attention to the direction of the chip by the concave on it.
- For C Language Users
Command
1.Go to the folder of the code.
cd /home/pi/electronic-kit/for-raspberry-pi/c/Lesson_9_4N35
2. Compile the code.
gcc 9_4N35.c -lwiringPi
3. Run the executable file.
sudo ./a.out
You will see the LED blinking.
Code
1.#include <wiringPi.h>
2.#include <stdio.h>
3.
4.#define OptoPin 0
5.
6.int main(void)
7.{
8. // When initialize wiring failed, print message to screen
9. if(wiringPiSetup() == -1){
10. printf("setup wiringPi failed !");
11. return 1;
12. }
13.
14. pinMode(OptoPin,OUTPUT);
15.
16. while(1){
17. // Turn LED off
18. digitalWrite(OptoPin, HIGH);
19. delay(500);
20. // Turn LED on
21. digitalWrite(OptoPin, LOW);
22. delay(500);
23. }
24. return 0;
25.} Code Explanation
14. pinMode(OptoPin,OUTPUT);
Initialize pins. Set the output pin of 4N35, Optopin to OUTPUT mode.
18. digitalWrite(OptoPin, LOW);
Set OptoPin as LOW (0V), thus the optocoupler is energized, and the pin connected to LED conduct to low level. Then the LED will light up.
21. digitalWrite(OptoPin, HIGH);
Set OptoPin as HIGH (3.3V), thus the optocoupler is not energized, and the pin connected to LED cannot conduct to low level. Then the LED goes out.
- For Python Language Users
Command
1.Go to the folder of the code.
cd /home/pi/electronic-kit/for-raspberry-pi/python
2. Run the code.
sudo python3 9_4N35.py
You will see the LED blinking.
Code
1.import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
2.import time
3.
4.Pin_4N35 = 17
5.
6.# Define a setup function for some setup
7.def setup():
8. GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
9. GPIO.setup(Pin_4N35, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)
10.
11.# Define a main function for main process
12.def main():
13. while True:
14. # Turn off LED
15. GPIO.output(Pin_4N35, GPIO.HIGH)
16. time.sleep(0.5)
17. # Turn on LED
18. GPIO.output(Pin_4N35, GPIO.LOW)
19. time.sleep(0.5)
20.
21.def destroy():
22. # Turn off LED
23. GPIO.output(Pin_4N35, GPIO.HIGH)
24. # Release resource
25. GPIO.cleanup()
26.
27.# If run this script directly, do:
28.if __name__ == '__main__':
29. setup()
30. try:
31. main()
32. # When 'Ctrl+C' is pressed, the child program
33. # destroy() will be executed.
34. except KeyboardInterrupt:
35. destroy() Code Explanation
15. GPIO.output(Pin_4N35, GPIO.HIGH)
Set OptoPin as high level (3.3V), thus the optocoupler is not energized, and the pin connected to LED cannot conduct to low level. Then the LED goes out.
16. time.sleep(0.5)
Wait for 0.5 second. The on-off frequency of the optocoupler can be changed by modifying this parameter.
18. GPIO.output(Pin_4N35, GPIO.LOW)
Set OptoPin as low level (0V), thus the optocoupler is energized, and the pin connected to LED conduct to low level. Then the LED will light up.