Lesson 21 DHT11 Humiture Sensor

Introduction

The digital temperature and humidity sensor DHT11 is a composite sensor that contains a calibrated digital signal output of temperature and humidity. The technology of a dedicated digital modules collection and the temperature and humidity sensing technology are applied to ensure that the product has high reliability and excellent long-term stability.

The sensor includes a resistive sense of wet component and an NTC temperature measurement device, and is connected with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller.

Components

– 1 * Raspberry Pi

– 1 * Network cable (or USB wireless network adapter)

– 1 * DHT11 module

– Several jumper wires

Experimental Principle

Only three pins are available for use: VCC, GND, and DATA. The communication process begins with the DATA line sending start signal to DHT11, and DHT11 receives the signal and returns an answer signal, then the host receives the answer signal and begins to receive 40-bit humiture data (8-bit humidity integer + 8-bit humidity decimal + 8-bit temperature integer + 8-bit temperature decimal + 8-bit checksum). For more information, please refer to the datasheet of DHT11.

Experimental Procedures

Step 1: Build the circuit

                  Raspberry Pi                                     DHT11 Humiture Sensor

                           GPIO0 ————————————–  S

                             3.3V —————————————  +

                            GND —————————————  –

Step 2: Edit and save the code (see path/Rpi_SensorKit_code/20_DHT11/DHT11.c)

Step 3: Compile

              gcc  DHT11.c  -lwiringPi

Step 4: Run

              ./a.out

Now, you can see humidity and temperature values printed on the screen. 

DHT11.c 

#include <wiringPi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#define MAXTIMINGS 85

#define DHTPIN 1
//#define DHTPIN 7

int dht11_dat[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};

void read_dht11_dat()
{
	uint8_t laststate = HIGH;
	uint8_t counter = 0;
	uint8_t j = 0, i;
	float f; // fahrenheit

	dht11_dat[0] = dht11_dat[1] = dht11_dat[2] = dht11_dat[3] = dht11_dat[4] = 0;

	// pull pin down for 18 milliseconds
	pinMode(DHTPIN, OUTPUT);
	digitalWrite(DHTPIN, LOW);
	delay(18);
	// then pull it up for 40 microseconds
	digitalWrite(DHTPIN, HIGH);
	delayMicroseconds(40); 
	// prepare to read the pin
	pinMode(DHTPIN, INPUT);

	// detect change and read data
	for ( i=0; i< MAXTIMINGS; i++) {
		counter = 0;
		while (digitalRead(DHTPIN) == laststate) {
			counter++;
			delayMicroseconds(1);
			if (counter == 255) {
				break;
			}
		}
		laststate = digitalRead(DHTPIN);

		if (counter == 255) break;

		// ignore first 3 transitions
		if ((i >= 4) && (i%2 == 0)) {
			// shove each bit into the storage bytes
			dht11_dat[j/8] <<= 1;
			if (counter > 16)
				dht11_dat[j/8] |= 1;
			j++;
		}
	}

	// check we read 40 bits (8bit x 5 ) + verify checksum in the last byte
	// print it out if data is good
	if ((j >= 40) && 
			(dht11_dat[4] == ((dht11_dat[0] + dht11_dat[1] + dht11_dat[2] + dht11_dat[3]) & 0xFF)) ) {
		f = dht11_dat[2] * 9. / 5. + 32;
		printf("Humidity = %d.%d %% Temperature = %d.%d *C (%.1f *F)\n", 
				dht11_dat[0], dht11_dat[1], dht11_dat[2], dht11_dat[3], f);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("Data not good, skip\n");
	}
}

int main (void)
{

	printf ("Raspberry Pi wiringPi DHT11 Temperature test program\n") ;

	if (wiringPiSetup () == -1)
		exit (1) ;

	while (1) 
	{
		read_dht11_dat();
		delay(1000); // wait 1sec to refresh
	}

	return 0 ;
}

Python Code

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

DHTPIN = 17

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

MAX_UNCHANGE_COUNT = 100

STATE_INIT_PULL_DOWN = 1
STATE_INIT_PULL_UP = 2
STATE_DATA_FIRST_PULL_DOWN = 3
STATE_DATA_PULL_UP = 4
STATE_DATA_PULL_DOWN = 5

def read_dht11_dat():
	GPIO.setup(DHTPIN, GPIO.OUT)
	GPIO.output(DHTPIN, GPIO.HIGH)
	time.sleep(0.05)
	GPIO.output(DHTPIN, GPIO.LOW)
	time.sleep(0.02)
	GPIO.setup(DHTPIN, GPIO.IN, GPIO.PUD_UP)

	unchanged_count = 0
	last = -1
	data = []
	while True:
		current = GPIO.input(DHTPIN)
		data.append(current)
		if last != current:
			unchanged_count = 0
			last = current
		else:
			unchanged_count += 1
			if unchanged_count > MAX_UNCHANGE_COUNT:
				break

	state = STATE_INIT_PULL_DOWN

	lengths = []
	current_length = 0

	for current in data:
		current_length += 1

		if state == STATE_INIT_PULL_DOWN:
			if current == GPIO.LOW:
				state = STATE_INIT_PULL_UP
			else:
				continue
		if state == STATE_INIT_PULL_UP:
			if current == GPIO.HIGH:
				state = STATE_DATA_FIRST_PULL_DOWN
			else:
				continue
		if state == STATE_DATA_FIRST_PULL_DOWN:
			if current == GPIO.LOW:
				state = STATE_DATA_PULL_UP
			else:
				continue
		if state == STATE_DATA_PULL_UP:
			if current == GPIO.HIGH:
				current_length = 0
				state = STATE_DATA_PULL_DOWN
			else:
				continue
		if state == STATE_DATA_PULL_DOWN:
			if current == GPIO.LOW:
				lengths.append(current_length)
				state = STATE_DATA_PULL_UP
			else:
				continue
	if len(lengths) != 40:
		print "Data not good, skip"
		return False

	shortest_pull_up = min(lengths)
	longest_pull_up = max(lengths)
	halfway = (longest_pull_up + shortest_pull_up) / 2
	bits = []
	the_bytes = []
	byte = 0

	for length in lengths:
		bit = 0
		if length > halfway:
			bit = 1
		bits.append(bit)
	print "bits: %s, length: %d" % (bits, len(bits))
	for i in range(0, len(bits)):
		byte = byte << 1
		if (bits[i]):
			byte = byte | 1
		else:
			byte = byte | 0
		if ((i + 1) % 8 == 0):
			the_bytes.append(byte)
			byte = 0
	print the_bytes
	checksum = (the_bytes[0] + the_bytes[1] + the_bytes[2] + the_bytes[3]) & 0xFF
	if the_bytes[4] != checksum:
		print "Data not good, skip"
		return False

	return the_bytes[0], the_bytes[2]

def main():
	print "Raspberry Pi wiringPi DHT11 Temperature test program\n"
	while True:
		result = read_dht11_dat()
		if result:
			humidity, temperature = result
			print "humidity: %s %%,  Temperature: %s C`" % (humidity, temperature)
		time.sleep(1)

def destroy():
	GPIO.cleanup()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	try:
		main()
	except KeyboardInterrupt:
		destroy()